Hemodynamic changes and stress response during BIS-guided TCI anesthesia with propofol-fentanyl in laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy

Abbreviations TIVA, Total intravenous anesthesia; TCI, target-controlled infusion; BIS, Bispectral Index; EDM, Esophageal ultrasonography monitoring; TBRI, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute; ASA, American society of anesthesiologists; MBP, mean blood p HR, heart rate; BMI, body mass index; Ce, effect site concentration; TOF, train of four; Ftc, flow time corrected; PV, peak velocity; SD distance; MA, mean acceleration; MD, minute distance; SV, stroke volume; CO, cardiac output; SVR, systemic vascular resistance; ACTH, Cortico Trophic Hormone; IAP, intra-abdominal pressure; CI, cardiac index * Corresponding author at: Department of Anesthesiology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, 7 Amer Street, Messaha Square, Giza Egypt. Tel.: +2